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The essential feature of Dysthymic Disorder is a chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years (Criterion A). Individuals with Dysthymic Disorder describe their mood as sad or “down
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Age at onset and the characteristic pattern of symptoms in Dysthymic Disorder may be indicated by using the following specifiers: Early Onset. This specifier should be used if the onset of the dysthymic symptoms occurs before age 21 years. Such
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Associated descriptive features and mental disorders. The associated features of Dysthymic Disorder are similar to those for a Major Depressive Episode. Several studies suggest that the most commonly encountered symptoms in Dysthymic Disorder may be feelings of inadequacy; generalized loss
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In children, Dysthymic Disorder seems to occur equally in both sexes and often results in impaired school performance and social interaction. Children and adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder are usually irritable and cranky as well as depressed. They have low self-esteem
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See the “Differential Diagnosis” section for Major Depressive Episode. A history of a Manic, Mixed, or Hypomanic Episode precludes the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. The presence of Hypomanic Episodes (without any history of Manic Episodes) indicates a diagnosis of
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A. Presence of a single Major Depressive Episode. B. The Major Depressive Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. C. There has
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A. Presence of two or more Major Depressive Episodes. Note: To be considered separate episodes, there must be an interval of at least 2 consecutive months in which criteria are not met for a Major Depressive Episode. B. The Major
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Associated descriptive features and mental disorders. Major Depressive Disorder is associated with high mortality. Up to 15% of individuals with severe Major Depressive Disorder die by suicide. Epidemiological evidence also suggests that there is a fourfold increase in death rates
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The diagnostic codes for Major Depressive Disorder are selected as follows: 1. The first three digits are 296. 2. The fourth digit is either 2 (if there is only a single Major Depressive Episode) or 3 (if there are recurrent
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Specific culture-related features are discussed in the text for Major Depressive Episode. Epidemiological studies suggest significant cohort effects in risk of depression. For example, individuals born between 1940 and 1950 appear to have an earlier age at onset and a
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Major Depressive Disorder may begin at any age, with an average age at onset in the mid-20s. Epidemiological data suggest that the age at onset is decreasing for those born more recently. The course of Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, is
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The essential feature of Major Depressive Disorder is a clinical course that is characterized by one or more Major Depressive Episodes (see page 349) without a history of Manic, Mixed, or Hypomanic Episodes (Criteria A and C). Episodes of Substance-Induced
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